White matter integrity in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: a systematic review and discussion of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Identifieur interne : 001600 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001599; suivant : 001601White matter integrity in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: a systematic review and discussion of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Auteurs : Nandita Vijayakumar [Australie, États-Unis] ; Cali Bartholomeusz [Australie] ; Thomas Whitford [Australie] ; Daniel F. Hermens [Australie] ; Barnaby Nelson [Australie] ; Simon Rice [Australie] ; Sarah Whittle [Australie] ; Christos Pantelis [Australie] ; Patrick Mcgorry [Australie] ; Miriam R. Sch Fer [Australie] ; G Paul Amminger [Australie]Source :
- BMC psychiatry [ 1471-244X ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Acides gras insaturés (métabolisme), Acides gras monoinsaturés (métabolisme), Adulte (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Imagerie par tenseur de diffusion (MeSH), Maladies du système nerveux (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Neurofibres myélinisées (métabolisme), Schizophrénie (anatomopathologie), Schizophrénie (métabolisme), Substance blanche (MeSH), Troubles psychotiques (anatomopathologie), Troubles psychotiques (métabolisme).
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Schizophrénie, Troubles psychotiques.
- métabolisme : Acides gras insaturés, Acides gras monoinsaturés, Neurofibres myélinisées, Schizophrénie, Troubles psychotiques.
- Adulte, Femelle, Humains, Imagerie par tenseur de diffusion, Maladies du système nerveux, Mâle, Substance blanche.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Diffusion Tensor Imaging (MeSH), Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated (metabolism), Fatty Acids, Unsaturated (metabolism), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Nerve Fibers, Myelinated (metabolism), Nervous System Diseases (MeSH), Psychotic Disorders (metabolism), Psychotic Disorders (pathology), Schizophrenia (metabolism), Schizophrenia (pathology), White Matter (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated.
- metabolism : Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia.
- pathology : Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia.
- Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Nervous System Diseases, White Matter.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Schizophrenia is thought to be a neurodevelopmental disorder with pathophysiological processes beginning in the brain prior to the emergence of clinical symptoms. Recent evidence from neuroimaging studies using techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging has identified white matter abnormalities that are suggestive of disrupted brain myelination and neuronal connectivity. Identifying whether such effects exist in individuals at high risk for developing psychosis may help with prevention and early intervention strategies. In addition, there is preliminary evidence for a role of lipid biology in the onset of psychosis, along with well-established evidence of its role in myelination of white matter tracts. As such, this article synthesises the literature on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in myelination and schizophrenia, hypothesizing that white matter abnormalities may potentially mediate the relationship between PUFAs and schizophrenia.
METHODS
Diffusion tensor imaging studies were identified through a systematic search of existing literature. Studies examined white matter integrity in ultra-high risk (UHR) samples, as assessed using structured diagnostic interviews. Data was extracted and summarised as a narrative review.
RESULTS
Twelve studies met inclusion criteria, and findings identified reduced fractional anisotropy and higher diffusivity. Although the exact location of abnormalities remains uncertain, fronto-temporal and fronto-limbic connections, including the superior longitudinal and uncinate fasiculus, cingulum, and corpus callosum appear to be implicated. Because of preliminary evidence suggesting lipid biology may be relevant for the onset of psychosis, a discussion is provided of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in myelination and risk for psychosis.
CONCLUSIONS
While the function of PUFAs in myelination is well-established, there is growing evidence of reduced PUFA concentration in UHR samples, highlighting the need for research to examine the relationship between PUFA and white matter integrity in high-risk samples and age-matched healthy controls. Such investigations will help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disorder, and potentially assist in the development of novel treatment and early intervention strategies.
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0932-4
PubMed: 27515430
PubMed Central: PMC4982267
Affiliations:
- Australie, États-Unis
- Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Victoria (État)
- Melbourne, Sydney
- Université de Melbourne, Université de Sydney
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Hermens</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Barnaby" sort="Nelson, Barnaby" uniqKey="Nelson B" first="Barnaby" last="Nelson">Barnaby Nelson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, Simon" sort="Rice, Simon" uniqKey="Rice S" first="Simon" last="Rice">Simon Rice</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whittle, Sarah" sort="Whittle, Sarah" uniqKey="Whittle S" first="Sarah" last="Whittle">Sarah Whittle</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pantelis, Christos" sort="Pantelis, Christos" uniqKey="Pantelis C" first="Christos" last="Pantelis">Christos Pantelis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgorry, Patrick" sort="Mcgorry, Patrick" uniqKey="Mcgorry P" first="Patrick" last="Mcgorry">Patrick Mcgorry</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sch Fer, Miriam R" sort="Sch Fer, Miriam R" uniqKey="Sch Fer M" first="Miriam R" last="Sch Fer">Miriam R. Sch Fer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amminger, G Paul" sort="Amminger, G Paul" uniqKey="Amminger G" first="G Paul" last="Amminger">G Paul Amminger</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. amminger@unimelb.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC psychiatry</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-244X</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Diffusion Tensor Imaging (MeSH)</term><term>Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated (metabolism)</term><term>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated (metabolism)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Nerve Fibers, Myelinated (metabolism)</term><term>Nervous System Diseases (MeSH)</term><term>Psychotic Disorders (metabolism)</term><term>Psychotic Disorders (pathology)</term><term>Schizophrenia (metabolism)</term><term>Schizophrenia (pathology)</term><term>White Matter (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acides gras insaturés (métabolisme)</term><term>Acides gras monoinsaturés (métabolisme)</term><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Imagerie par tenseur de diffusion (MeSH)</term><term>Maladies du système nerveux (MeSH)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Neurofibres myélinisées (métabolisme)</term><term>Schizophrénie (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Schizophrénie (métabolisme)</term><term>Substance blanche (MeSH)</term><term>Troubles psychotiques (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Troubles psychotiques (métabolisme)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated</term><term>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Schizophrénie</term><term>Troubles psychotiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Nerve Fibers, Myelinated</term><term>Psychotic Disorders</term><term>Schizophrenia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acides gras insaturés</term><term>Acides gras monoinsaturés</term><term>Neurofibres myélinisées</term><term>Schizophrénie</term><term>Troubles psychotiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Psychotic Disorders</term><term>Schizophrenia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Diffusion Tensor Imaging</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Nervous System Diseases</term><term>White Matter</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Imagerie par tenseur de diffusion</term><term>Maladies du système nerveux</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Substance blanche</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Schizophrenia is thought to be a neurodevelopmental disorder with pathophysiological processes beginning in the brain prior to the emergence of clinical symptoms. Recent evidence from neuroimaging studies using techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging has identified white matter abnormalities that are suggestive of disrupted brain myelination and neuronal connectivity. Identifying whether such effects exist in individuals at high risk for developing psychosis may help with prevention and early intervention strategies. In addition, there is preliminary evidence for a role of lipid biology in the onset of psychosis, along with well-established evidence of its role in myelination of white matter tracts. As such, this article synthesises the literature on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in myelination and schizophrenia, hypothesizing that white matter abnormalities may potentially mediate the relationship between PUFAs and schizophrenia.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>Diffusion tensor imaging studies were identified through a systematic search of existing literature. Studies examined white matter integrity in ultra-high risk (UHR) samples, as assessed using structured diagnostic interviews. Data was extracted and summarised as a narrative review.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Twelve studies met inclusion criteria, and findings identified reduced fractional anisotropy and higher diffusivity. Although the exact location of abnormalities remains uncertain, fronto-temporal and fronto-limbic connections, including the superior longitudinal and uncinate fasiculus, cingulum, and corpus callosum appear to be implicated. Because of preliminary evidence suggesting lipid biology may be relevant for the onset of psychosis, a discussion is provided of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in myelination and risk for psychosis.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>While the function of PUFAs in myelination is well-established, there is growing evidence of reduced PUFA concentration in UHR samples, highlighting the need for research to examine the relationship between PUFA and white matter integrity in high-risk samples and age-matched healthy controls. Such investigations will help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disorder, and potentially assist in the development of novel treatment and early intervention strategies.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27515430</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>05</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-244X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>16</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Aug</Month><Day>11</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>BMC psychiatry</Title><ISOAbbreviation>BMC Psychiatry</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>White matter integrity in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: a systematic review and discussion of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>287</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12888-016-0932-4</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Schizophrenia is thought to be a neurodevelopmental disorder with pathophysiological processes beginning in the brain prior to the emergence of clinical symptoms. Recent evidence from neuroimaging studies using techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging has identified white matter abnormalities that are suggestive of disrupted brain myelination and neuronal connectivity. Identifying whether such effects exist in individuals at high risk for developing psychosis may help with prevention and early intervention strategies. In addition, there is preliminary evidence for a role of lipid biology in the onset of psychosis, along with well-established evidence of its role in myelination of white matter tracts. As such, this article synthesises the literature on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in myelination and schizophrenia, hypothesizing that white matter abnormalities may potentially mediate the relationship between PUFAs and schizophrenia.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Diffusion tensor imaging studies were identified through a systematic search of existing literature. Studies examined white matter integrity in ultra-high risk (UHR) samples, as assessed using structured diagnostic interviews. Data was extracted and summarised as a narrative review.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Twelve studies met inclusion criteria, and findings identified reduced fractional anisotropy and higher diffusivity. Although the exact location of abnormalities remains uncertain, fronto-temporal and fronto-limbic connections, including the superior longitudinal and uncinate fasiculus, cingulum, and corpus callosum appear to be implicated. Because of preliminary evidence suggesting lipid biology may be relevant for the onset of psychosis, a discussion is provided of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in myelination and risk for psychosis.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">While the function of PUFAs in myelination is well-established, there is growing evidence of reduced PUFA concentration in UHR samples, highlighting the need for research to examine the relationship between PUFA and white matter integrity in high-risk samples and age-matched healthy controls. Such investigations will help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disorder, and potentially assist in the development of novel treatment and early intervention strategies.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vijayakumar</LastName><ForeName>Nandita</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bartholomeusz</LastName><ForeName>Cali</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Whitford</LastName><ForeName>Thomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Brain & Mind Research Institute, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hermens</LastName><ForeName>Daniel F</ForeName><Initials>DF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nelson</LastName><ForeName>Barnaby</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rice</LastName><ForeName>Simon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Whittle</LastName><ForeName>Sarah</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pantelis</LastName><ForeName>Christos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McGorry</LastName><ForeName>Patrick</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schäfer</LastName><ForeName>Miriam R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amminger</LastName><ForeName>G Paul</ForeName><Initials>GP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. amminger@unimelb.edu.au.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D000078182">Systematic Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BMC Psychiatry</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100968559</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1471-244X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005229">Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005231">Fatty Acids, Unsaturated</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D056324" MajorTopicYN="N">Diffusion Tensor Imaging</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005229" MajorTopicYN="N">Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005231" MajorTopicYN="N">Fatty Acids, Unsaturated</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009413" MajorTopicYN="N">Nerve Fibers, Myelinated</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009422" MajorTopicYN="N">Nervous System Diseases</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011618" MajorTopicYN="N">Psychotic Disorders</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012559" MajorTopicYN="N">Schizophrenia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D066127" MajorTopicYN="N">White Matter</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Polyunsaturated fatty acids</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Psychosis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Ultra-high risk</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">White matter</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Youth</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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